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The reliability of classroom observations and student surveys in non-research settings: Evidence from a middle-income country

Alejandro J. Ganimian

with A. Ho & A. Campos Quintero

Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2026

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Overview

Observation reliability varies widely (from 0 to 0.75) depending on context and rater assignment, while survey reliability shifts substantially with changes in student sampling. The variation suggests practitioners should conduct their own reliability analyses.

Paper & related materials

Latest manuscriptPublished versionAnnenberg EdWorkingPaper

Cite this study

Ganimian, Alejandro J.; Ho, Andrew D.; Campos Quintero, Alejandra. (2026). The Reliability of Classroom Observations and Student Surveys in Non-Research Settings: Evidence From a Middle-Income Country. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737261462146

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