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Classroom observations

Published paper

The reliability of classroom observations and student surveys in non-research settings: Evidence from a middle-income country

Alejandro J. Ganimian

with A. Ho & A. Campos Quintero

Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2026

Latest manuscript

Overview

Observation reliability varies widely (from 0 to 0.75) depending on context and rater assignment, while survey reliability shifts substantially with changes in student sampling. The variation suggests practitioners should conduct their own reliability analyses.

Paper & related materials

Latest manuscriptPublished versionAnnenberg EdWorkingPaper