All research
Test volatility

Published paper

The barking dog that bites: Test score volatility and school rankings in Punjab, Pakistan

Alejandro J. Ganimian

with F. Barrera-Osorio

International Journal of Educational Development, 2016

Assessments Pakistan
Published version

Overview

School rankings based on test averages fluctuate substantially from measurement error, cohort variation, and one-time shocks beyond institutional control.

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